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European hand fans in the 18th century : ウィキペディア英語版 | European hand fans in the 18th century Hand fans first arrived in Europe in the 15th century from Asia and became popular in the 16th century. Several fan styles were common and a plethora of materials were used to create them. Subject matter varied greatly, from Biblical scenes to landscapes. Hand fans serve as a cooling mechanism, social instrument, and fashion accessory. == History == Fans were used throughout history, and can be traced back as long as five thousand years ago. They developed in ancient Egypt, India, and China where they were used for ceremonies and practical purposes.〔Steele, Valerie. The Fan: Fashion and Femininity Unfolded. New York: Rizzoli, 2002. Print.〕 In the 12th century, during the Crusades, the fan was brought to Europe.〔Alexander, Hélène. Fans. London: B.T. Batsford, 1984. Print.〕 At first, Europeans adopted the rigid fan and feather fans. Queen Elizabeth I of England (1533–1603) owned dozens of these fans, as was shown in her portraits. Later in the 16th century, folding fans were introduced into Europe from Japan where they originated.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』 ■ウィキペディアで「European hand fans in the 18th century」の詳細全文を読む
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